Initially conceived as a layer-2 (L2) scalability technology for Ethereum, Fuel v1 made its mark as the first optimistic rollup on mainnet Ethereum in late 2020. Since its humble beginnings, the project has witnessed remarkable growth, now boasting a team of over 35 top-notch engineers and garnering support from leading blockchain firms and industry pioneers. Today, we proudly present Fuel – the fastest modular execution layer, opening a new chapter in the realm of blockchain scalability.

While layer-2 solutions have provided some cost reduction benefits for the Ethereum ecosystem, the overall increase in throughput has been relatively modest, irrespective of optimistic or ZK approaches. During peak traffic on the Ethereum network, transaction costs on L2s have surged to several dollars, posing challenges for achieving true global access to blockchain technology. We recognize that settling for a modest reduction in fees isn’t enough. To drive true progress, we seek transformative change that not only eliminates inefficiencies but also unlocks novel use cases never before explored in the blockchain landscape.

The blockchain landscape is undergoing a monumental shift in layer-1 (L1) blockchain architectures. Moving away from monolithic designs, like those seen in today’s Ethereum, the industry is transitioning towards a modular future where execution is decoupled from data availability and consensus. This separation allows for specialization at the base layer, leading to a significant increase in bandwidth capacity.

Fuel is meticulously designed to leverage this additional bandwidth in ways that no other scalability system can. As the fastest execution layer for the modular blockchain stack, Fuel ensures the highest level of security and unmatched flexible throughput. The term “flexible” is crucial, as it enables Ethereum-style interoperable Turing-complete smart contracts, not limited to simple transfers.

Fuel’s definition of a modular execution layer centers around a verifiable computation system purposefully tailored for the modular blockchain stack. In concrete terms, it refers to a fraud- or validity-provable blockchain, or another computation system, that leverages a modular blockchain for data availability.

Fuel sets itself apart by prioritizing execution efficiency, unlike other rollups that have primarily focused on addressing monolithic problems like constrained bandwidth. As Ethereum continues to evolve, projects that do not adapt to the modular execution approach will face the consequences of a compute-constrained design space. Embracing modular execution is crucial for the future of the blockchain industry.

Throughput: Fuel’s Technology Stack
Fuel’s technology stack is built on three fundamental pillars:

1. Parallel Transaction Execution
   Fuel’s unmatched processing capacity is achieved by executing transactions in parallel, utilizing strict state access lists in the form of a UTXO model. This innovative approach harnesses previously idle CPU threads and cores in single-threaded blockchains, resulting in significantly improved compute power, state accesses, and transactional throughput.
2. The Fuel Virtual Machine (FuelVM)
   The FuelVM is meticulously designed to reduce wasteful processing found in traditional blockchain virtual machine architectures, providing developers with a broader design space. Learning from past mistakes and drawing insights from years of production blockchains, the FuelVM empowers developers to surpass the limitations of the EVM.
3. A Superior Developer Experience
   Fuel ensures a powerful and seamless developer experience through its domain-specific language, Sway, and supportive toolchain, Forc (the Fuel Orchestrator). By adopting the best aspects of smart contract languages like Solidity and incorporating the paradigms introduced in the Rust tooling ecosystem, developers can enjoy a fully integrated experience where every component works in harmony

Fuel envisions an autonomous future where individuals and groups can create and benefit from verifiable autonomous systems. These systems will operate independently of their creators, empowering the next generation of human coordination and cooperation. Complex cooperative and financial blockchain infrastructure will become dependable in this future, leading to a shift in power away from rent-seeking middlemen.

Fuel serves as the engine propelling the autonomous future, liberating us from the constraints of monolithic blockchains and paving the way for a decentralized, scalable, and autonomous ecosystem where innovation knows no bounds. By embracing Fuel, we can unlock the true potential of blockchain technology and create a future of boundless possibilities.

Twitter: @fuel_network
Documents: docs.fuel.network
Blog: fuel-labs.ghost.io
GitHub: github.com/FuelLabs
Discord: discord.gg/fuelnetwork

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